Canine congenital heart disease-report of 1779 cases

Plos One 2020

December 11, 2024

Paola Giuseppina Brambilla ,Michele Polli,Danitza Pradelli,Melissa Papa,Rita Rizzi,Mara Bagardi,Claudio Bussadori

Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are common cardiovascular anomalies in dogs, significantly affecting their health. The study aimed to evaluate CHD prevalence and trends over 20 years, comparing breed-specific risks and assessing the impact of screening programs, particularly in Boxers.

Methods
A retrospective study of 1,779 clinical records from a single referral center between 1997 and 2017 was conducted. The dataset included purebred and crossbred dogs. CHD diagnoses were confirmed using echocardiography, and statistical analysis was performed to investigate CHD prevalence, breed popularity, and volatility.

Results
The most common CHDs were Pulmonic Stenosis (PS), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), and Subaortic Stenosis (SAS). PS prevalence was highest in English Bulldogs and French Bulldogs, while PDA was common in German Shepherds and Maltese. Screening programs reduced CHD prevalence in Boxers. Breed popularity influenced CHD prevalence, with fashionable breeds showing higher CHD rates.

Limitations
The study was limited by its retrospective design and single-center data, which may not represent broader populations. Crossbred dogs lacked detailed breed information, and breed-specific overrepresentation could bias results.

Conclusions
CHD prevalence varies by breed, influenced by popularity and effective screening. Educational efforts and robust breeding programs are critical to managing CHD risks without compromising genetic diversity.

Fig 5. Associated congenital heart defects admitted from 1997 to 2017.

PS, pulmonic stenosis; SAS, Subaortic Stenosis; VSD, Ventricular Septal Defect; PDA, Patent Ductus Arteriosus; DCRV, Double Chamber Right Ventricle; ASD, Atrial Septal Defect; AVCD, Atrioventricular Canal Disease.

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