Case Series: Promising Outcomes for Dogs After Total Laryngectomy and Permanent Tracheostomy

Total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy in six dogs

Brad M. Matz, Ralph A. Henderson, Stephanie S. Lindley, Annette N. Smith

Background

Laryngeal neoplasms are rare in small animal practice, yet they often cause serious airway obstruction requiring emergency care. Total laryngectomy with permanent tracheostomy (TLPT) is rarely performed in veterinary medicine due to limited literature and perceived poor outcomes. The study aimed to describe the TLPT surgical technique and evaluate postoperative complications, tumor control, and quality of life outcomes in dogs undergoing this procedure for laryngeal neoplasia.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records (2000–2018) identified six dogs with laryngeal tumors treated with TLPT and at least three months of follow-up. Pre- and postoperative findings, complications, surgical revisions, and survival outcomes were documented. Follow-up included clinical rechecks and owner or veterinarian interviews. Histopathology and margin status were evaluated in most cases.

Results

Six dogs (various breeds, aged 3–8 years) underwent TLPT with no intraoperative complications. All survived to hospital discharge. Major postoperative complications occurred in several dogs, primarily due to tracheostomy obstruction or collapse, requiring surgical revision in some cases. Minor complications included transient gastrointestinal signs and nasal discharge. Tumor types included both benign and malignant lesions (three each), with complete excision confirmed in five cases. Two dogs developed pulmonary metastases over a year postoperatively and underwent successful lung lobectomy. Median survival ranged from 135 to 1460 days, and quality of life was reported as acceptable in all cases.

Limitations

The study’s limitations include a small sample size, retrospective design, and variable postoperative management and staging procedures. Lymph node sampling was inconsistent, and standardized quality-of-life assessments were not used.

Conclusions

Total laryngectomy with permanent tracheostomy can achieve satisfactory tumor control, good functional recovery, and acceptable quality of life in dogs with laryngeal neoplasia. Familiarity with TLPT may help expand its use as a viable treatment option. Preservation of the cricoid cartilage is recommended to enhance tracheostomy rigidity and simplify closure. Despite the technical and management challenges, most owners were satisfied with long-term outcomes.

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