CT Imaging Features of Tubular Genital Tract Neoplasia in Goats

VRU 2023 64(2): 253-261

July 09, 2023

Background: Neoplasia of the tubular genital tract in goats is rarely described and is most commonly reported as uterine adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma.

Study: This is a retrospective, single-center, case series that aimed to describe the CT imaging features and staging of tubular genital tract neoplastic masses in goats.

Methods: Medical records were searched for goats with a CT diagnosis of tubular genital mass and a definitive histologic diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. Data recorded from CT images included presence of peritoneal/retroperitoneal fluid, urinary tract obstruction, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, additional abdominal nodules/masses, and pulmonary nodules.

Results: Seven goats met the inclusion criteria. Both goats with adenocarcinoma had upper urinary tract obstruction, moderate to severe regional lymphadenopathy, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal or hepatic nodules/masses. Goats with leiomyosarcoma had infrequent, mild peritoneal fluid and mild sublumbar lymphadenopathy.

Limitations: This study is limited by its retrospective nature and small number of cases.

Conclusions: Findings of obstructive uropathy, severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy, and intra-abdominal metastases may be discriminating features of caprine uterine adenocarcinoma versus leiomyosarcomas. Pulmonary nodules in this sample of goats with urogenital neoplasia were nonspecific and could have been either metastatic nodules or parasitic granulomas.

13-year Pygmy doe with hemorrhagic vulvar discharge. (A) Referral lateral radiograph reveals a moderately enlarged and mildly lobular tubular genital tract (U) causing ventral displacement of the urinary bladder (asterisk). This mass extends into the cranial aspect of the pelvic canal, and cranially dorsal to the rumen (R). Along the ventral aspect of the mass, there is small mineral focus (arrowhead). The caudal peritoneal and retroperitoneal serosal detail is normal. 14 days later, pre-contrast administration transverse (B), post-contrast administration sagittal (C) and transverse (D) MDCT images (sternal recumbency, 3 mm slice thickness, soft tissue algorithm, WW = 400, WL = 40) revealed a similarly enlarged tubular genital tract with fine stippled mineral (arrowhead) along the ventral uterine wall and with similar ventral displacement of the urinary bladder (asterisk). Histopathology confirmed leimyosarcoma with adenomatous hyperplasia of the cervical glands.

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