Do you put tibial plateau angle in your report?

Prevalence of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture and prognosis depending on tibial plateau angle: A retrospective study

Beom-Seok Seo, Chul Park,Mahbubur Rahman , Inseong Jeong, Namsoo Kim

Background
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (RCCL) in small-breed dogs and evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative and postoperative tibial plateau angles (TPA). RCCL is a major cause of stifle joint instability in dogs, and corrective surgical techniques like tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) aim to neutralize tibial thrust. The study emphasizes the importance of TPA adjustments in achieving better clinical outcomes, focusing on small breeds that are prevalent in South Korea.

Methods
The retrospective analysis included 53 dogs diagnosed with RCCL based on radiographic and clinical assessments. Dogs were categorized by TPA into preoperative groups (>25° and ≤25°) and postoperative groups (>10° and ≤10°). TPLO was performed on all subjects, and outcomes were analyzed using metrics like walking recovery time and complication rates. Statistical methods included ANOVA and paired t-tests with significance set at p<0.05.

Results
-Prevalence and Risk Factors: RCCL was more common in neutered dogs, especially those neutered before six months, and in males. Breeds like Cocker Spaniels and Maltese showed higher prevalence.

-Preoperative TPA:
-Dogs with TPA ≤25° had shorter recovery times (10.09 ± 0.84 days) and better outcomes compared to TPA >25° (13.58 ± 1.53 days).
-100% of TPA ≤25° cases had excellent or good outcomes versus 77.27% in TPA >25°.

-Postoperative TPA:

-TPA ≤10° was associated with faster recovery (10.20 ± 0.90 days) and fewer complications compared to TPA >10° (18.08 ± 2.22 days).
-Dogs with TPA ≤10° achieved 97.50% excellent or good outcomes, while TPA >10° showed 92.31%.

-Prognosis: Lower preoperative and postoperative TPAs correlated with better outcomes across all breeds.

Limitations
The study's retrospective nature and reliance on small sample sizes from specific veterinary centers may limit generalizability. It focused exclusively on small breeds, and external factors like variations in surgical technique were not extensively controlled.

Conclusions
Both pre- and postoperative TPAs significantly influence clinical outcomes in RCCL dogs. Maintaining postoperative TPAs below 10° improves prognosis and minimizes complications. The findings underscore the importance of considering breed, age, body weight, and neutering status in managing RCCL. Further studies with larger samples and diverse populations are recommended to validate these conclusions.

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