Magdalena Olender, Jérôme Couturier, Delphine N. Rault

Background
Microchip implantation is a routine procedure for pet identification, but rare neurological complications can occur if improperly performed. This case report describes the first known instance of an electronic microchip migrating intradurally to the ventral brainstem of a kitten, highlighting both the risk of incorrect implantation and the viability of a ventral basioccipital surgical approach for retrieval in small patients.

Methods
A 2-month-old kitten developed neurological symptoms following microchip implantation. Radiographs and CT imaging localized the microchip ventrally to the caudal brainstem, prompting an immediate surgical intervention. A ventral basioccipital craniectomy was performed to access and remove the foreign body. The surgical approach involved careful dissection of cervical structures and precise drilling of the basioccipital bone, followed by durotomy and microchip extraction.

Results
The microchip was successfully retrieved from the subdural space without significant hemorrhage or postoperative complications. The kitten recovered well, was discharged two days post-surgery, and was neurologically normal at a two-week follow-up. A two-year follow-up confirmed complete recovery with no long-term sequelae. Bacteriological analysis of the microchip was negative, and prophylactic antibiotic therapy was administered.

Limitations
This report presents a single case, limiting generalizability. The exact mechanism of microchip migration could not be confirmed, and imaging limitations (e.g., MRI artifacts) prevented detailed soft tissue assessment. The small surgical window also precluded dural closure, raising concerns about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, although no related complications were observed.

Conclusions
While microchip implantation is generally safe, improper technique can lead to serious intracranial complications. This case underscores the importance of accurate subcutaneous placement and careful restraint during the procedure. The ventral basioccipital approach, though rarely used in veterinary practice, proved effective and feasible even in very small patients, offering a potential surgical option for similar future cases.

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