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- Prevalence of Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in French Bulldogs and Other Brachycephalic Breeds
Prevalence of Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in French Bulldogs and Other Brachycephalic Breeds
VRU 64(2): 194-200
Background: Humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) have been predominantly reported in spaniel breeds and proposed to be possible risk factors for humeral condyle fractures (HCF). The authors hypothesized that the prevalence of incidental HIF in French Bulldogs may be greater than that of other brachycephalic breeds.
Study: A retrospective, observational, prevalence study was performed using CT examinations of French bulldogs and other brachycephalic breed dogs presenting for an unrelated condition.
Methods: Two European College of Veterinary Diagnostic and Imaging-certified radiologists reviewed the images of the humeral condyles of these dogs. A classification system was devised to grade the findings. A total of 228 elbows were reviewed from 122 dogs.
Results: The prevalence of HIF (score 3 or 4) in elbows of the French bulldog, pug and other breed groups was 6.9% (CI 2.8–11%), 5.6% (CI 0–11.7%), and 3.4% (CI 0–10.15%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the breed groups.
Limitations: The limitations in this study can largely be summarized by the retrospective nature of the study design and the acquisition of the images.
Conclusions: Results did not support their hypothesis in that no difference was found in the prevalence of HIF in the French Bulldog group versus all other brachycephalic dogs studied. This suggests that HIF is less likely to be the cause of the increased risk for HCF found in other studies.
Dorsal volume reconstructions of the elbow depicting examples of the four humeral fissure score categories. Score 1 is normal. In score 2, the arrow highlights the bone sclerosis. In score 3, the black arrow depicts an incomplete fissure noted as a hypoattenuating line. Sclerosis is noted immediately adjacent to the incomplete fissure line. In score 4, the black arrow highlights a larger fissure that involves the articular surface of the humeral condyle. Image acquisition with a Toshiba Aquilion 16-slice helical scanner, with slice thickness 1.0 mm, 100 kV and variable mA, Pitch of 1 and rotation time 0.5s. Images reconstruction algorithm in a bone window
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