Laura J. Farmer; Andrew J. Linklater; and colleagues

Background

Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) are increasingly used in veterinary medicine to manage diabetes mellitus in cats. These devices provide minimally invasive, real-time glucose monitoring through a subcutaneous sensor and are generally considered safe, with only minor complications such as mild local irritation reported. However, the risk of more severe complications associated with sensor placement has not been widely documented. This case report describes an instance of iatrogenic pneumothorax in a cat following the placement of a CGM sensor and highlights a previously unreported potential complication of this commonly used technology.

Methods

The article presents a single case report involving a diabetic cat that underwent placement of a CGM sensor. Clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment interventions, and outcomes were documented. Thoracic imaging was used to confirm the presence of pneumothorax following device placement. Management included supportive care and treatment aimed at resolving the pneumothorax while monitoring the patient’s respiratory status.

Results

Following placement of the CGM sensor, the cat developed respiratory distress. Diagnostic imaging confirmed pneumothorax, indicating the presence of air within the pleural space. The complication was considered iatrogenic and associated with the CGM insertion process. Appropriate medical management was initiated, and the pneumothorax resolved with treatment. The patient recovered without long-term complications.

Limitations

As a single case report, the findings cannot determine the true incidence or risk factors for pneumothorax associated with CGM placement. Additionally, procedural variables such as insertion technique, patient body condition, and anatomical differences could not be systematically evaluated. The report also does not establish causality beyond the temporal association between device placement and the complication.

Conclusions

Although CGM systems are widely regarded as safe and beneficial for managing feline diabetes, this report demonstrates that rare but serious complications such as pneumothorax can occur during sensor placement. Clinicians should be aware of this potential risk, particularly when placing sensors near the thoracic region in small or thin patients. Careful technique and appropriate monitoring following placement may help mitigate risk and ensure prompt recognition of complications.

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