Presumed renal arterial aneurysm in a cat

Anna Lojszczyk, Aleksandra Kimicka

Clinical Presentation:
The cat presented with symptoms of apathy and anemia. Bloodwork showed elevated white blood cells and anemia.
Ultrasound initially revealed left kidney enlargement and a tortuous, abnormal vessel in the renal medulla. Further testing suggested a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).

Imaging Findings:
Doppler ultrasound showed arterial flow in the abnormal renal vessel, which was confirmed by CT as an enlarged vessel (10.7 mm in length, 9.3 mm in width).
The kidney cortex showed reduced enhancement on CT, suggesting possible blood flow issues due to the aneurysm.

Diagnosis and Follow-Up:
A presumed diagnosis of an intraparenchymal renal arterial aneurysm was made.
On a follow-up ultrasound, signs of aneurysm rupture and hematoma formation were observed, as the cat's condition worsened rapidly.

Discussion:
Renal aneurysms are rare in veterinary medicine, with this case potentially linked to FIP due to its association with granulomatous vasculitis.
The report explores possible causes and highlights the challenges of diagnosis, noting that CT angiography is more reliable than ultrasound for such vascular abnormalities.

Conclusion:
The case emphasizes the importance of considering renal aneurysms in differential diagnoses for cats with renal or abdominal vascular issues, although cases like this are rare and require further study for confirmation.

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