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Nicole Mikoni, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrère, et al.
Objective:
To characterize CT findings and epidemiologic features of nasal and paranasal disease in domestic rabbits and evaluate correlations between these diseases and dental abnormalities.
Key Findings:
Study Population:
-69 rabbits (100 CT studies over 20 years).
-Lop-eared breeds represented 52.6% of cases.
Clinical Presentation:
-69.6% presented with upper respiratory signs:
-Nasal discharge (52.2%), sneezing (50.7%), and difficulty eating (33.3%) were common.
-31.9% presented primarily for dental disease.
Common CT Findings:
-Rhinitis: 71.0% of rabbits (69.4% were severe cases).
-Sinusitis: 72.5% (most common in the ventral recess of the maxillary sinus, 96%).
-Dental Disease:
-Maxillary alveolar bone loss: 73.9%.
-Second premolar and incisor teeth were most commonly affected.
-Turbinate Destruction: 69.6% of cases.
-Rhinoliths: 40.6%.
Significant Correlations:
-Maxillary incisor alveolar bone loss correlated with severity of rhinitis.
-Second premolar bone loss correlated with sinusitis in the ventral recess of the maxillary sinus.
Breed Influence:
-Non–lop-eared rabbits had significantly higher odds of severe sinusitis than lop-eared rabbits.
Other Findings:
-Otitis was common (49.3% of cases).
-Nasolacrimal duct changes were present in 21.7% of rabbits.
-Intranasal neoplasms (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, osteosarcoma) were diagnosed in 7.2% of cases.
Conclusion:
CT imaging is a valuable tool for characterizing nasal and paranasal disease in rabbits, particularly in identifying maxillary sinusitis and its strong correlation with dental disease. The study highlights the need for thorough dental evaluation in rabbits presenting with upper respiratory signs.
Clinical Relevance:
Maxillary incisor and second premolar dental disease are significant contributors to nasal and sinus diseases.
Early detection via CT and integrated dental evaluation can improve outcomes for rabbits with respiratory or dental-related disorders.
Images of sinusitis affecting the paranasal sinuses in different rabbits. A and B—Transverse view (A) and sagittal view (B) of dorsal conchal sinusitis in a rabbit (α). The nasolacrimal duct is additionally labeled (λ). C and D—Transverse view (C) and dorsal view (D) of sinusitis within the dorsal recess of the maxillary sinus with concurrent rhinoliths present (β). The nasolacrimal duct is additionally labeled (λ). E—Transverse view of sinusitis within the left ventral recess of the maxillary sinus (γ). The nasolacrimal duct is additionally labeled (λ). F—Transverse view of left-sided sphenoidal sinusitis (ε).
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