What is the outcome of feline nasopharyngeal stenosis without a stent?

JFMS 2024

December 20, 2024

Agathe Champetier, Julie Lemetayer, and Olivier Dossin

Background
Feline nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) is a rare condition, typically secondary to chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation, such as viral infections or gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical signs include stertor, dyspnoea, and nasal discharge. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic and surgical treatments for NPS in cats.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed 21 cases of feline NPS from 2018–2022. Cats were grouped based on treatment type: endoscopic balloon dilation (BD), surgical intervention (extended palatoplasty), or no treatment. Clinical outcomes, corticosteroid usage, and complication rates were evaluated, with statistical comparisons made between treatment groups.

Results
Among 21 cats, 12 underwent BD, 8 had surgical treatment, and 2 remained untreated. The success rates were comparable between BD (11/12) and surgical groups (7/8). Clinical improvements were noted immediately in most cases, with excellent long-term outcomes reported in 8/9 BD cases and 3/5 surgical cases. Relapses occurred in two BD cases. No major complications were observed.

Limitations
The study was limited by its retrospective design, small sample size, and lack of standardized follow-up protocols. Potential selection bias occurred as imperforate stenoses were exclusively treated surgically.

Conclusions
Endoscopic BD is a highly effective, minimally invasive option for managing NPS in cats, with surgical palatoplasty serving as a successful alternative for specific cases, such as imperforate or caudal stenoses. Further research is needed to refine treatment protocols and long-term management.

Figure 3: Endoscopic evaluation follow-up 2 years after last treatment showed partial recurrence of nasopharyngeal stenosis in 1/2 cats that already underwent two balloon dilation (BD) procedures. A new BD was not performed, because of the absence of significant clinical signs

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